[Jan 19, 2024] CWAP-404 PDF Recently Updated Questions Dumps to Improve Exam Score
CWAP-404 Dumps Full Questions with Free PDF Questions to Pass
CWNP CWAP-404 Exam Topics:
| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
Protocol Analysis - 15% | |
| Capture 802.11 frames using the appropriate methods | - Select capture devices
- Install monitor mode drivers |
| Understand and apply the common capture configuration parameters available in protocol analysis tools | - Save to disk - Packet slicing - Event triggers - Buffer options - Channels and channel widths - Capture filters - Channel scanning and dwell time |
| Analyze 802.11 frame captures to discover problems and find solutions | - Use appropriate display filters to view relevant frames and packets - Use colorization to highlight important frames and packets - Configure and display columns for analysis purposes - View frame and packet decodes while understanding the information shown and applying it to the analysis process - Use multiple adapters and channel aggregation to view captures from multiple channels - Implement protocol analyzer decryption procedures - View and use a capture’s statistical information for analysis - Use expert mode for analysis - View and understand peer maps as they relate to communications analysis |
| Utilize additional tools that capture 802.11 frames for analysis and troubleshooting | - WLAN scanners and discovery tools - Protocol capture visualization and analysis tools - Centralized monitoring, alerting, and forensic tools |
| Ensure appropriate troubleshooting methods are used with all analysis types | - Define the problem - Determine the scale of the problem - Identify probable causes - Capture and analyze the data - Observe the problem - Choose appropriate remediation steps - Document the problem and resolution |
Spectrum Analysis - 10% | |
| Capture RF spectrum data and understand the common views available in spectrum analyzers | - Install, configure, and use spectrum analysis software and hardware - Capture RF spectrum data using handheld, laptop-based, and infrastructure spectrum capture solutions - Understand and use spectrum analyzer views
|
| Analyze spectrum captures to identify relevant RF information and issues | - RF noise floor in an environment - Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) for a given signal - Sources of RF interference and their locations - RF channel utilization - Non-Wi-Fi transmitters and their impact on WLAN communications - Overlapping and non-overlapping adjacent channel interference - Poor performing or faulty radios |
| Analyze spectrum captures to identify various device signatures | - Identify various 802.11 PHYs
- Identify non-802.11 devices based on RF behaviors and signatures
|
| Use centralized spectrum analysis solutions | - AP-based spectrum analysis - Sensor-based spectrum analysis |
PHY Layers and Technologies - 10% | |
| Understand and describe the functions of the PHY layer and the PHY protocol data units (PPDUs) | - DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) - HR/DSSS (High Rate/Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) - OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) - ERP (Extended Rate PHY) - HT (High Throughput) - VHT (Very High Throughput) - HE (High Efficiency)
|
| Apply the understanding of PHY technologies, including PHY headers, preambles, training fields, frame aggregation, and data rates, to captured data | |
| Identify and use PHY information provided within pseudo-headers in protocol analyzers | - Pseudo-Header formats
- Key pseudo-header content
|
| Recognize the limits of protocol analyzers to capture PHY information including NULL data packets and PHY headers | |
| Use appropriate capture devices based on proper understanding of PHY types | - Supported PHYs - Supported spatial streams |
MAC Sublayer and Functions - 25% | |
| Understand frame encapsulation and frame aggregation | - Frame aggregation (A-MSDU and A-MPDU) |
| Identify and use MAC information in captured data for analysis | - Management, Control, and Data frames - MAC frame formats and contents
- 802.11 Management frame formats
- Data and QoS Data frame formats
|
| Validate BSS configuration through protocol analysis | - Country code - Minimum basic rate - Supported rates and coding schemes - Beacon interval - WMM settings - RSN settings - HT/VHT/HE operations - Channel width - Primary channel - Hidden or non-broadcast SSIDs |
| Identify and analyze CRC error frames and retransmitted frames | |
WLAN Medium Access - 10% | |
| Understand 802.11 contention algorithms in-depth and know how they impact WLANs | - Distributed Coordination Function (DCF)
- Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA)
- Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM)
|
| Analyze QoS configuration and operations | - Verify QoS parameters in capture files - Ensure QoS is implemented end-to-end |
CWNP CWAP-404 Exam Certification Details:
| Sample Questions | CWNP CWAP-404 Sample Questions |
| Exam Registration | PEARSON VUE |
| Passing Score | 70% |
| Number of Questions | 60 |
| Exam Price | $275 USD |
NEW QUESTION # 25
A manufacturing facility has installed a new automation system which incorporates an 802.11 wireless network. The automation system is controlled from tablet computers connected via the WLAN. However, the automation system has not gone live due to problem with the tablets connecting to the WLAN. The WLAN vendor has been onsite to perform a survey and confirmed good primary and secondary coverage across the facility. As a CWAP you are called in to perform Spectrum Analysis to identify any interference sources.
From the spectrum analysis, you did not identify any interference sources but were able to correctly identify the issue. Which of the following issues did you identify from the spectrum analysis?
- A. The tablets are connecting to the wrong SSID
- B. A high noise floor has resulted in a SNR of less than 20dB
- C. There is a power mismatch between the APs and the clients
- D. The tablets are entering power save mode and failing to wake up to receive the access points transmissions
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The most likely issue that can be identified from the spectrum analysis is a power mismatch between the APs and the clients. A power mismatch occurs when the APs transmit at a higher power level than the clients, or vice versa. This can cause asymmetric communication, where one side can hear the other, but not vice versa.
This can result in poor performance, disconnections, or packet loss. A spectrum analysis can reveal a power mismatch by showing different signal amplitudes or RSSI values for the APs and the clients on the same channel or frequency. The other options are not correct, as they cannot be identified from the spectrum analysis alone. The tablets' SSID, power save mode, and noise floor can be determined by using other tools or methods, such as protocol analysis, site survey, or device configuration. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 3: Spectrum Analysis, page 79-80
NEW QUESTION # 26
Which one of the following portions of information is communicated by bits in the PHY Header?
- A. Data rate
- B. Signal strength
- C. Noise
- D. SNR
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
One of the information that is communicated by bits in the PHY header is data rate. Data rate is the speed at which data is transmitted or received over the wireless medium. Data rate depends on factors such as modulation, coding, channel width, spatial streams, and guard interval. Data rate is indicated by bits in different fields of the PHY header, depending on the type of PPDU (e.g., OFDM, HT, VHT, HE). The receiver uses these bits to determine how to decode and demodulate the rest of the PPDU. The other options are not correct, as they are not communicated by bits in the PHY header. SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio), noise, and signal strengthare measured by the receiver based on its own capabilities and environment. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 4: 802.11 Physical Layer, page 101-105
NEW QUESTION # 27
What is the function of the PHY Preamble?
- A. Carries the NDP used in Transmit Beamforming and MU-MIMO
- B. To terminate a conversation between transmitter and receiver
- C. To set the modulation method for the MPDU
- D. Allows the receiver to detect and synchronize with the signal
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The function of the PHY preamble is to allow the receiver to detect and synchronize with the signal. The PHY preamble is a part of the PPDU that is transmitted before the PHY header and the PSDU. The PHY preamble consists of a series of training fields that help the receiver to adjust its parameters, such as frequency, timing, and gain, to match the incoming signal. The PHY preamble also helps the receiver to estimate the channel conditions and noise level. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 4:
802.11 Physical Layer, page 99-100
NEW QUESTION # 28
Where would you look in a packet trace file to identify the configured Minimum Basic Rate (MBR) of a BSS?
- A. Supported Rates & Extended Supported Rates elements in a Beacon frame
- B. In the Minimum Basic Rate Element in a Beacon frame
- C. In the MBR Information Element in an Association Response frame
- D. In the MBR Action frame
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The configured Minimum Basic Rate (MBR) of a BSS can be identified by looking at the Supported Rates and Extended Supported Rates elements in a Beacon frame. A Beacon frame is a type of management frame that is transmitted by an AP to advertise its presence and capabilities to potential clients. A Beacon frame contains various information elements (IEs) that provide details about the BSS configuration and operation. The Supported Rates andExtended Supported Rates IEs list the data rates that are supported by the AP for data transmission. The MBR is the lowest data rate among these supported rates that is required for all clients to join and communicate with the BSS. The MBR is usually marked with a flag bit in these IEs to indicate its mandatory status. The other options are not correct, as they do not exist or do not indicate the MBR of a BSS. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 5: 802.11 MAC Sublayer, page 123-124
NEW QUESTION # 29
In what scenario is Open Authentication without encryption not allowed based on the 802.11 standard?
- A. When operating a BSS in a government facility
- B. When operating a BSS in the 6 GHz band
- C. When operating a BSS in FIPS mode
- D. When operating a BS5 in the CBRS band
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
Open Authentication without encryption is not allowed when operating a BSS in the 6 GHz band, according to the 802.11 standard. Open Authentication is a type of authentication method that does not require any credentials or security information from a STA (station) to join a BSS (Basic Service Set). Open Authentication can be used with or without encryption, depending on the configuration of the BSS and the STA. Encryption is a technique that scrambles the data frames using an algorithm and a key to prevent unauthorized access or eavesdropping. However, in the 6 GHz band, which is a newly available frequency band for WLANs, OpenAuthentication without encryption is prohibited by the 802.11 standard, as it poses security and interference risks for other users and services in the band. The 6 GHz band requires all WLANs to use WPA3-Personal or WPA3-Enterprise encryption methods, which are more secure and robust than previous encryption methods such as WPA2 or WEP. The other options are not correct, as they do not describe scenarios where Open Authentication without encryption is not allowed by the 802.11 standard. When operating a BSS in the CBRS band, which is another newly available frequency band for WLANs, Open Authentication without encryption is allowed, but not recommended, as it also poses security and interference risks for other users and services in the band. When operating a BSS in FIPS mode, which is a mode that complies with the Federal Information Processing Standards for cryptographic security, Open Authentication without encryption is allowed, but not compliant, as it does not meet the FIPS requirements for encryption algorithms and keys. When operating a BSS in a government facility, Open Authentication without encryption is allowed, but not advisable, as it may violate the government policies or regulations for wireless security. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 8: Security Analysis, page 220-221
NEW QUESTION # 30
How does a VoIP Phone, using WMM Power Save, request data frames buffered at the AP?
- A. The VoIP phone transmits a WMM Action frame
- B. The VoIP phone transmits a PS-Poll frame
- C. The VoIP phone sets the More Data bit in the MAC Header to 1
- D. The VoIP phone transmits a trigger frame, which is a QoS Null frame or a QoS Data frame
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
A VoIP phone, using WMM Power Save, requests data frames buffered at the AP by transmitting a trigger frame, which is a QoS Null frame or a QoS Data frame. WMM Power Save is a power saving mode that allows a STA (station) to conserve battery power by periodically sleeping and waking up. WMM Power Save is based on WMM (Wi-Fi Multimedia), which is a QoS (Quality of Service) enhancement that provides prioritized and differentiated access to the medium fordifferent types of traffic. When a STA sleeps, it cannot receive any data frames from the AP, so it informs the AP of its power save status by setting a bit in its MAC header. The AP then buffers any data frames destined for the sleeping STA until it wakes up. When a STA wakes up, it sends a trigger frame to the AP, indicating its AC (Access Category), which is a logical queue that corresponds to its QoS level. A trigger frame can be either a QoS Null frame or a QoS Data frame, depending on whether it has any payload or not. The AP then responds with one or more data frames from the same AC as the trigger frame, followed by an ACK or BA (Block Acknowledgement) frame from the STA. The other options are not correct, as they are not used by a VoIP phone using WMM Power Save to request data frames buffered at the AP. A PS-Poll (Power Save Poll) frame is used by a STA using legacy power save mode, not WMM Power Save mode, to request data frames buffered at the AP. A PS-Poll frame does not indicate any AC or QoS information. Setting the More Data bit in the MAC header to 1 does not request any data frames from the AP, but indicates that there are more data frames to be sent by the STA or received by the STA.
Transmitting a WMM Action frame does not request any data frames from the AP, but performs various management actions related to WMM features, such as admission control, parameter update, etc. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 7: QoS Analysis, page
198-199
NEW QUESTION # 31
Protocol analyzers may present field values in either binary, decimal or hexadecimal. What preceeds a hexadecimal value to indicate it is hexadecimal?
- A. 0x
- B. %
- C. HEX
- D. 16x
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
A hexadecimal value is a value that uses base 16 notation, which means it can have digits from 0 to 9 and letters from A to F. A hexadecimal value is usually preceded by 0x to indicate that it is hexadecimal and not decimal or binary. For example, 0x0A is hexadecimal for 10 in decimal or 00001010 in binary. The other options are not valid prefixes for hexadecimal values.References:
CWAP-404 Study Guide, Chapter 2: Protocol Analysis, page 35
CWAP-404 Objectives, Section 2.2: Analyze field values
NEW QUESTION # 32
Which one of the these is the most important in the WLAN troubleshooting methodology among those listed?
- A. Obtain detailed -knowledge of the wireless vendors debug and logging options
- B. Observe the problem
- C. Interview the network manager about the issues being experienced
- D. Talk to the end users about their experiences
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
Observing the problem is the most important step in the WLAN troubleshooting methodology among those listed. This step involves capturing and analyzing the relevant data from the wireless network, such as packets, frames, spectrum, and performance metrics. Observing the problem helps to verify the existence and scope of the issue, identify the root cause and possible solutions, and validate the results of any actions taken. The other steps are also important, but they are not as critical as observing the problem12 References:
CWAP-404 Study Guide, Chapter 1: Troubleshooting Methodology, page 15
CWAP-404 Objectives, Section 1.2: Observe the problem
NEW QUESTION # 33
A client is operating in an unstable RF environment. Out of five data frames transmitted to the client it only receives four. The client sends a Block Ack to acknowledge the receipt of these four frames but due to frame corruption the Block Ack is not received by the AP. Which frames will be retransmitted'
- A. All data frames
- B. Only the data frame which was corrupted
- C. Both the corrupted data and Block Ack
- D. Only the Block Ack
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
All data frames will be retransmitted in this scenario. This is because the AP uses a Block Ack (BA) mechanism to acknowledge the receipt of multiple data frames from a client in a single frame. The BA contains a bitmap that indicates which data frames were received correctly and which were not. If the BA is not received by the AP due to frame corruption, the AP will assume that none of the data frames were received by the client and will retransmit all of them. The other options are not correct, as they do not account for the loss of the BA or the use of the bitmap. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 6: 802.11 Frame Exchanges, page 167-168
NEW QUESTION # 34
How many frames make up the Group Key Handshake excluding any Ack frames that may be required?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The Group Key Handshake consists of two frames excluding any Ack frames that may be required. The Group Key Handshake is used to distribute and update the Group Temporal Key (GTK) for encrypting broadcast and multicast traffic. The AP initiates the Group Key Handshake by sending a Group Key Message 1 frame to a STA, which contains the new GTK and other information. The STA responds with a Group Key Message 2 frame to the AP, which confirms the receipt of the GTK and other information. After this, both the AP and the STA can use the new GTK for encryption and decryption of broadcast and multicast traffic . References:
CWAP-404 Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 7: 802.11 Security, page 246; CWAP-404 Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 7: 802.11 Security, page 247.
NEW QUESTION # 35
In a Spectrum Analyzer the Swept Spectrogram plot displays what information?
- A. Wi-Fi Device information
- B. RF power present at a particular frequency over the course of time
- C. Reductions in frame transmissions
- D. The RF time domain
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The Swept Spectrogram plot is a spectrum analysis plot that shows the RF power present at a particular frequency over the course of time. It can help identify trends and patterns in the RF spectrum over a longer period of time. It can also show how the RF environment changes over time and how different sources of RF signals affect each other. The other options are not correct, as they describe different types of plots or information that are not related to the Swept Spectrogram plot. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide], Chapter 3: Spectrum Analysis, page 72-73
NEW QUESTION # 36
Given: The Frame Check Sequence (FCS) is a 32 CRC used for error detection.
The CRC is calculated over what?
- A. PHY Header, MAC Header and Frame Body
- B. PHY Header and Mac Header only
- C. Mac Header and Frame Body only
- D. Frame Body only
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The CRC is calculated over the MAC Header and Frame Body only. The CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) is a 32-bit value that is used for error detection in wireless transmissions. The CRC is calculated over the MAC Header and Frame Body of a PSDU, which are the parts of the data unit that contain information such as source and destination addresses, frame type, frame control, sequence number, payload, etc. The CRC is appended to the end of the PSDU as a FCS (Frame Check Sequence) field. The CRC is not calculated over the PHY Header or PHY Preamble, which are parts of the PPDU that contain information such as modulation, coding, data rate, etc. The PHY Header and PHY Preamble are added or removed by the PHY layer during the conversion between PSDU and PPDU. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 4: 802.11 Physical Layer, page 97-98
NEW QUESTION # 37
ABC International has installed a new smart ZigBee controlled lighting system. However, the network team is concerned that this new system will interfere with the existing WLAN and has asked you to investigate the impact of the two systems operating simultaneously in the 2.4 GHz band. When performing Spectrum Analysis, which question could you answer by looking at the FFT plot?
- A. Is the WLAN corrupting ZigBee system messages?
- B. Do the ZigBee channels used by the lighting system overlap with the WLAN channels?
- C. Is the ZigBee system causing an increase in WLAN retries?
- D. Is the ZigBee system using more than 50% of the available airtime?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The FFT plot is a spectrum analysis plot that shows the RF power present at a particular frequency over a short period of time. It can help identify the sources and characteristics of RF signals in the spectrum. By looking at the FFT plot, you can determine which ZigBee channels are used by the lighting system and whether they overlap with the WLAN channels in the 2.4 GHz band. ZigBee channels are 5 MHz wide and WLAN channels are 20 MHz or 40 MHz wide, so there is a possibility of overlap and interference between them. The other questions cannot be answered by looking at the FFT plot alone, as they require other types of plots or analysis tools, such as duty cycle plot, airtime utilization plot, or protocol analyzer. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide], Chapter 3: Spectrum Analysis, page 69-70
NEW QUESTION # 38
Which piece of information is not transmitted in an HT PPDU header?
- A. PPDU length
- B. Number of Spatial Streams
- C. Channel number
- D. MCS index
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The channel number is not transmitted in an HT PPDU header. An HT PPDU header is a part of the PPDU that contains information such as modulation, coding, data rate, and number of spatial streams for an 802.11n transmission. The channel number is not included in the HT PPDU header, as it is determined by the frequency band and channel width that are used by the transmitter and receiver. The channel number can be inferred from the frequency band and channel width, which are indicated by bits in different fields of the HT PPDU header, such as HT-SIG and HT-LTF. The other options are not correct, as they are transmitted in an HT PPDU header. The number of spatial streams, PPDU length, and MCS index are indicated by bits in the HT-SIG field of the HT PPDU header. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 4: 802.11 Physical Layer, page 108-109
NEW QUESTION # 39
The PHY layer provides framing by adding a header to create what type of data unit?
- A. MSDU
- B. MPDU
- C. PSDU
- D. PPDU
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The PHY layer provides framing by adding a header to create a PPDU. A PPDU (PHY Protocol Data Unit) is the data unit that is transmitted or received over the wireless medium by the PHY layer. A PPDU consists of a PSDU (PHY Service Data Unit) and a PHY header, which contains information such as modulation, coding, and data rate. The PHY layer adds the PHY header to the PSDU to create a PPDU for transmission, or removes the PHY header from the PPDU to extract the PSDU for reception. The other options are not correct, as they are not created by adding a header at the PHY layer. An MPDU (MAC Protocol Data Unit) is created by adding a MAC header and FCS to an MSDU (MAC Service Data Unit) at the MAC layer. An MSDU is the data unit that is passed from the LLC sublayer to the MAC sublayer or vice versa. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 4: 802.11 Physical Layer, page 97-98
NEW QUESTION # 40
Which one of the statements regarding the Frame Control field in an 802.11 MAC header is true?
- A. The Frame Control field is used to communicate the duration value
- B. The Frame Control field contains subfields, and soma in 1-bit flags
- C. The Frame Control field is always set to 0
- D. Only Control frames have a Frame Control field
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The statement that the Frame Control field contains subfields, and some 1-bit flags is true. The Frame Control field is a 2-byte field in the MAC header that contains information about the type, subtype, and characteristics of a frame. The Frame Control field is divided into several subfields, each with a specific function and length.
Some of these subfields are 1-bit flags, which can be set to 0 or 1 to indicate a certain condition or status. For example, the To DS and From DS subfields are 1-bit flags that indicate whether a frame is destined for or originated from the DS (Distribution System). The other statements are not true, as they do not describe the Frame Control field correctly. All types of frames (management, control, and data) have a Frame Control field, not just control frames. The Frame Control field is not used to communicate the duration value, which is a separate field in the MAC header. The Frame Control field is not always set to 0, as it varies depending on the type, subtype, and characteristics of each frame. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 5: 802.11 MAC Sublayer, page 113-114
NEW QUESTION # 41
Why would a STA that supports 802.11k Radio Measurement send a Neighbor Request to an AP?
- A. To request a list of neighboring APs which the STA can use as roaming candidates
- B. To learn about neighboring interference sources and tune its RF radio accordingly
- C. To inform the current AP about the STA's intent to roam to a neighboring AP, ensuring a seamless handover
- D. To request a list of neighboring STAs which enables the STA to better pick the right protection mechanisms
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
A STA that supports 802.11k Radio Measurement would send a Neighbor Request to an AP to request a list of neighboring APs which the STA can use as roaming candidates. A Neighbor Request is an Action frame that contains a subelement specifying the type of information that the STA wants to receive from the AP. A Neighbor Report is an Action frame that contains a subelement with a list of neighboring APs that match the criteria specified in the Neighbor Request. The Neighbor Report provides information such as BSSID, channel, operating class, and PHY type of each neighboring AP. This information helps the STA to perform intelligent roaming decisions based on signal quality, load, and compatibility . References: CWAP-404 Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 12: 802.11k/v/r/u/w/ai Amendments, page 434; CWAP-404 Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 12: 802.11k/v/r/u/w/ai Amendments, page 435.
NEW QUESTION # 42
802.11k Neighbor Requests and Neighbor Reports are sent in what type of Management Frames?
- A. Reassociation Request and Reassociation Response
- B. Action
- C. RRM
- D. Beacon
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
802.11k Neighbor Requests and Neighbor Reports are sent in Action frames. An Action frame is a Management frame that is used to perform various operations or functions related to the operation or maintenance of a wireless network. An Action frame consists of a Category field that indicates the type of action being performed, and a variable-length Action Details field that contains specific information related to the action. For example, an Action frame with a Category field value of 5 indicates a Radio Measurement action, and the Action Details field may contain a Neighbor Request or a Neighbor Report subelement .
References: CWAP-404 CertifiedWireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 6: MAC Sublayer Frame Exchanges, page 207; CWAP-404 Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 6: MAC Sublayer Frame Exchanges, page 208; CWAP-404 Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 12: 802.11k/v/r/u/w/ai Amendments, page 434.
NEW QUESTION # 43
What is the default 802.11 authentication method for a STA when using Pre-RSNA?
- A. Open System
- B. Shared Key
- C. 4-Way Handshake
- D. PSK
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The default 802.11 authentication method for a STA when using Pre-RSNA is Open System. This is the simplest and most common authentication method, which does not provide any security or encryption. In Open System authentication, the STA sends an Authentication Request frame to the AP, and the AP responds with an Authentication Response frame with a status code of success. After this, the STA can proceed to association with the AP . References: CWAP-404 Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 6: MAC Sublayer Frame Exchanges, page 181; CWAP-404 Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 6: MAC Sublayer Frame Exchanges, page 183.
NEW QUESTION # 44
......
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